Cheque Truncation System

Lawyersclubindia expression Cheque truncation in the Indian Scenario Page 1 of 3 Cheque truncation in the Indian Scenario During the last two decades or so the attitude and lifestyle of the consumers of deponeing help have been influenced by the advancement in engine room. In tune with technical changes the bevelsa delivery ashes has to undergo tremendous transformation. The financial reforms process has enabled to a greater extent competitors to enter the financial go market with a higher grade of efficiency and customer friendly behaviour.The public firmament banks although reacted promptly to the in the buff challenges, have not kept pace with the new entrants in the field of operations because of their inherent limitations. Under the impact of technology, the banks have been trying to innovate newer products and operate to become more competitive in the ever withdrawing customer determined market. The technology has made it possible for the banks to come to terms with the demands of customers. The system of verification truncation is prevalent in several foreign countries.Denmark and Belgium are the pioneers in the truncation system. They adopted complete check mark truncation system more than two decades ago. Sweden is the typical example for having achieved complete truncation where all the checks gouge be presented and encashed at any branch irrespective of the bank on which they are drawn. The process of assay truncation is not only affectionate notwithstanding also meets the requirements of future electronic transactions.In India the collection and defrayment of sound outs is governed by the provisions of the assignable Instruments Act, 1881 which requires that the instruments must be in constitution and have to be physically presented for recompense in due naturally (before the amendment in the negotiable Instruments Act). In view of this requirement the time taken for the processing of hitchs, etc. was long particularl y for the outstation cheques. In a country like India, the time taken for collection of outstation cheques is sooner tiring for the customers.With the advent of technology, the Government of India and Reserve Bank of India took initiative to purify the customer service. The working group constituted in 1982 to consider the feasibleness of introduction of MICR/OCR technology for cheque processing recommended that India should join SWIFT (Society for ecumenic Interbank Financial Telecommunication) Network for the transmission and reception of international financial messages as well as instil electronic forms of monetary transaction in the Indian economic transactions. The term a? hequea has been defined in atom 6 of the Negotiable Instruments Act as a? bill of transposition drawn on a specified banker and not expressed to be payable otherwise than on demanda . As per definition it is essential that cheque should be presented for payment. But in truncation, the physical cheque is not presented but only its image shall be transmitted to the paying branch. ** In vernacular parlance the word a? sawn-offa means deformed, disfigured, mutilated, etc. As per the Negotiable Instruments Act, the interchange cheque means a cheque which is truncated during the figure of a clearing cycle.The process of truncation requires the banker to convert the cheque info into electronic form for the purpose of safe keeping or to chase away the cheques at the request of the banker or to provide information on cheques as and when requested. The cheque in the electronic form means a cheque which contains the exact mirror image of a paper cheque and is generated, create verbally and signed in a secure system ensuring minimum gumshoe standards with the use of digital signatures (with or without biometric signature) and http//www. lawyersclubindia. com/articles/print_this_page. asp? rticle_id=250 7/24/2011 Lawyersclubindia Article Cheque truncation in the Indian Scenario Page 2 of 3 asymmetric crypto system. Features of truncated cheque system With the advent of technology and cyber era, surety of the system has acquired prime importance. No doubt, the financial institutions have started providing fast services than ever before. But the technology has brought in its trail security puzzle also. Under the cheque truncation system, therefore, the image of the cheque is captured at the signalize of deposit where it is sealed and encrypted before its transmission.This renders it tamper proof. This is done strictly as per international standards. The transmission between the presenting, paying and payee bank is authenticated by a certificate authority as part of the public separate infrastructure. The process of image certification at the banks is certified by an separatist auditor to tick off that it conforms to the requirements of the laws of evidence of that country. Under the cheque truncation system all cheques are transmitted electronically.The origi nal cheques are retained by the collecting banker. Indian scenario Truncation of cheques can be done by the clearing house or the bank which collects the truncated version of the cheque. As per divide 81 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, the banker who receives the payment, is also supposed to retain the counterpart of the cheque even after payment has been done. Section 89 of the Negotiable Instruments Act says that any distinction between the original cheque and the truncated image should be construed as material alteration.In such cases it is compulsory on the part of the clearing house or the bank to ensure the correctness of the truncated image term transmitting the image. An explanation has been added to Section 131 of the Negotiable Instruments Act vide the Negotiable Instruments (Amendment and Miscellaneous Provisions) Act, 2002. It says that it shall be the duty of the banker who receives payment based on an electronic image of a truncated cheque to ensure that there i s no fraud, forgery or tampering plain on the face of the instrument.It would be seen that after the amendment the responsibility of the collecting bank has increased manifold. Earlier it was the position that if he collects any instrument in good faith and without negligence he was not liable for any fraud, etc. But after the amendment it is obligatory upon the collecting bank to bank the genuineness of the cheque with greater point in time i. e. due diligence. Hence the cheque truncation system has burdened the collecting banker with a greater degree of responsibility.As per sub section (2) of Section 64 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, where an electronic image of a truncated cheque is presented for payment, the drawee bank is entitled to demand any further information regarding the truncated cheque from the bank retentiveness the truncated cheque in case of any reasonable suspicion. two new sub-sections have been added to Section 89. As per these sub sections any contrar iety in apparent tenor of electronic image and the truncated cheque shall be a material alteration and it shall be the duty of the bank or the clearing ouse, as the case may be, to ensure the exactitude of the apparent tenor of electronic image of the truncated cheque while truncating and transmitting the image. In spite of the advantages, the truncation system has its own drawbacks. The truncated cheques are vulnerable to fraudsters who can hack into this system and change the content of the cheques. So the security of the system must be ensured. RBI has taken upon itself setting up of a safe, secure and http//www. lawyersclubindia. com/articles/print_this_page. asp? article_id=250 7/24/2011 Lawyersclubindia Article Cheque truncation in the Indian ScenarioPage 3 of 3 efficient communication network for the exclusive use of the banking sector known as INFINET (Indian Financial Network). This network is already being utilise by a large number of banks for transfer of funds. INFINE T uses the latest technology and security called PKI (Public Key Infrastructure) which is within the legal requirements of the Information Technology Act, 2000. kickoff http//www. ebc-india. com/practicallawyer/index. php? option=com_content&task=view&id=8047&Itemid=54 http//www. lawyersclubindia. com/articles/print_this_page. asp? article_id=250 7/24/2011